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Get Genrefied: Magical Realism

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Kimberly and I are on the same page when it comes to writing about genre, which we’ve been doing through this Get Genrefied series. It’s so much fun. I’ve been especially appreciating thinking about genre in terms of my own reading experiences. I like to think about the first time I read a book in a particular genre and how it may or may not have impacted my feelings toward that genre.

This month, we’re tackling magical realism. It’s a genre that has specific roots that are fascinating and it’s a genre that’s been popping up more and more throughout YA fiction. It’s also a genre I happen to have a lot of warm feelings toward, thanks to the first time I read a book that could fall into this genre: Laura Esquivel’s Like Water for Chocolate. This book was one I obsessed over in high school and still think about periodically. I love how real it is and yet what made the book so powerful for me was that it was completely unreal too.

Magical realism is a genre that flirts with a number of genre lines and expectations. It’s not fantasy, nor is it science fiction. It’s not wholly realistic and it’s also not entirely historical. It blends all of these things and it touches on none of them at the same time. David Carr, in an article written for Novelist, notes that magical realism “contradicts the reader’s normal expectation of time, space, or gravity, unexpectedly recounting secular miracles and human enchantments as everyday occasions.” In other words, the world within a novel defined as magical realism is as real as ours and the magical things that happen within that world feel real because they’re just part of that world. Things we might otherwise find weird or jarring are normal within the pages of the story.

What readers tend to find appealing about magical realism is that it’s a blend of the real world and the possible/impossible world. There’s a big sense of mystery but not in the sense of needing a resolution; it’s inviting readers to question what is or isn’t magical about the world around us and it encourages a sense of wonder. There’s not necessarily world-building that happens. The magic is built right into the world around us instead, adding a touch of the surreal to the everyday. To quote Carr again, “The strange and confounding moments of this imaginative and adventurous literary genre may appeal to strong readers who seek intellectual pleasure beyond reading pure fantasy, readers who do not depend on literal explanations for satisfying literary experiences, and yet who are not escapist readers.” While I don’t love some of the qualifiers in this explanations, the take away is that magical realism appeals to those who aren’t necessarily seeking a story set outside our own world and those who don’t require an explanation for strange occurrences within a real world setting. It’s a genre that’s subtle, rather than overt.

The genre has roots in Latin American literature, though it’s been around for a long time. Gabriel Garcia Marquez is credited with writing the novel that best defines all of the features of magical realism in 100 Years of Solitude. Other authors who have written well-known magical realism novels you may be familiar with include Laura Esquivel, Isabel Allende, Jorge Luis Borges, as well as Italo Calvino, Alice Hoffman, and Pete Hamill. Other authors who have been credited with writing magical realism prior to the real growth and recognition of the genre in the 20th century include Edgar Allan Poe, Franz Kafka, and Jonathan Swift. In terms of very contemporary writers, Aimee Bender is another magical realist writer and Haruki Murakami is as well (both happen to fall on my list of personal favorite authors because they do this genre in such interesting ways).

While it’s been around in adult fiction for a while, magical realism hasn’t been huge in young adult fiction. Part of why that may be is because magical realism is simply hard to define. Another part might be that books which could be labeled magical realism may not be labeled because whether they’re magical realism or straight realism is left up to the reader and his/her interpretation of the book. What’s equally interesting is that in doing research on magical realism in YA fiction, there’s surprisingly little being said about it. It exists, but there’s not a whole lot, and we’re not talking a whole lot about it.

Here’s a roundup of some of those worthwhile reads:

  • I’m not entirely sure I’d call magical realism a subgenre rather than one in its own right, in part because of the reasons why this post explains (“it’s either general or speculative, depending on how you choose to see it”). But I like the tropes discussion here and the titles offered. 
In short, magical realism is complex, people are interested in it, people are writing about it, but people aren’t necessarily entirely clear on how to best define what it is. It’s literary writing that weaves magic into the everyday with a thread of history. 

Here’s a roundup of YA titles that could be defined as magical realism. Of course, what we’re calling magical realism may be wholly realistic to some readers and may be entirely speculative or fantastic to others. Because it seems like a genre that isn’t huge within YA, we pulled recent and backlist titles to flesh this out. All descriptions are from WorldCat, and we would be eager to not only hear about other titles which might be classified as magical realism in YA, but we’d love to hear about other sites or resources that have discussed this elusive and appealing category of fiction.

Imaginary Girls by Nova Ren Suma: Two years after sixteen-year-old Chloe discovered classmate London’s dead body floating in a Hudson Valley reservoir, she returns home to be with her devoted older sister Ruby, a town favorite, and finds that London is alive and well, and that Ruby may somehow have brought her back to life and persuaded everyone that nothing is amiss.

The Strange and Beautiful Sorrows of Ava Lavender by Leslye Walton: Born with bird wings, Ava Lavender is well aware that love has long made fools of her family. When pious Nathaniel Sorrows mistakes her bird wings for angel wings, 16-year-old Ava faces the man’s growing obsession, which comes to a head with the rain and feathers that fly through the air during a nighttime summer solstice celebration.

Everybody Sees The Ants by AS King: Overburdened by his parents’ bickering and a bully’s attacks, fifteen-year-old Lucky Linderman begins dreaming of being with his grandfather, who went missing during the Vietnam War, but during a visit to Arizona, his aunt and uncle and their beautiful neighbor, Ginny, help him find a new perspective.

Please Ignore Vera Dietz by AS King: When her best friend, whom she secretly loves, betrays her and then dies under mysterious circumstances, high school senior Vera Dietz struggles with secrets that could help clear his name.

There is a very solid argument in that all of AS King’s books could be magical realism, too, but I pulled out two outstanding examples. 

Lark by Tracey Porter: When sixteen-year-old Lark is murdered, she, her childhood best friend Eva, and a girl she used to babysit, Nyetta, find themselves facing hard truths about their lives and seeking a way to move on.

Teeth by Hannah Moskowitz: Rudy’s life is flipped upside-down when his family moves to a remote, magical island in a last attempt to save his sick younger brother, Dylan. While Dylan recovers, Rudy sinks deeper and deeper into his loneliness. 

*In my reading, Teeth is straight fantasy. But I’ve seen this pop up on multiple lists as being magical realism, so I’m including it because I think it’s a case of personal definition of genre.

Boxers by Gene Luen Yang: In China in 1898 bands of foreign missionaries and soldiers roam the countryside, bullying and robbing Chinese peasants. Little Bao has had enough: harnessing the powers of ancient Chinese gods, he recruits an army of Boxers–commoners trained in kung fu who fight to free China from “foreign devils.”

Saints by Gene Luen Yang: China, 1898. An unwanted and unwelcome fourth daughter, Four-Girl isn’t even given a proper name by her family when she’s born. She finally finds friendship– and a name, Vibiana — in the most unlikely of places: Christianity. But China is a dangerous place for Christians. The Boxer Rebellion is in full swing, and bands of young men roam the countryside, murdering Westerners and Chinese Christians alike. Torn between her nation and her Christian friends, Vibiana will have to decide where her true loyalties lie– and whether she is willing to die for her faith.

Green Angel (and sequels) by Alice Hoffman: Haunted by grief and by her past after losing her family in a fire, fifteen-year-old Green retreats into her ruined garden as she struggles to survive emotionally and physically on her own.

Love in the Time of Global Warming by Francesca Lia Block: After a devastating earthquake destroys the West Coast, causing seventeen-year-old Penelope to lose her home, her parents, and her ten-year-old brother, she navigates a dark world, holding hope and love in her hands and refusing to be defeated.

Both Hoffman and Block have written many titles that would be considered magical realism. Hoffman’s have been primarily adult fiction, but most of Block’s are YA. 

Skellig by David Almond: Unhappy about his baby sister’s illness and the chaos of moving into a dilapidated old house, Michael retreats to the garage and finds a mysterious stranger who is something like a bird and something like an angel.

Summer of the Mariposas by Guadalupe Garcia McCall: In an adventure reminiscent of Homer’s Odyssey, fifteen-year-old Odilia and her four younger sisters embark on a journey to return a dead man to his family in Mexico, aided by La Llorona, but impeded by a witch, a warlock, chupacabras, and more.

Inland by Kat Rosenfield (June 12): Returning to the coast after living in the Midwest, Callie’s mysterious illness disappears, but when the water near her house begins to call her, she uncovers dangerous family secrets and jeopardizes everything and everyone she holds dear.

Bone Gap by Laura Ruby (January 2015): Eighteen-year-old Finn, an outsider in his quiet Midwestern town, is the only witness to the abduction of town favorite Roza, but his inability to distinguish between faces makes it difficult for him to help with the investigation, and subjects him to even more ridicule and bullying.

Making a List & Checking it Twice: Bucket Lists and More in YA

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An interesting microtrend that’s popped up in the last year in YA fiction is the bucket list. Either a character inherits one from a relative or friend who has died or it’s a list that’s been given to them with the understanding it’s the character’s responsibility to complete it or else fill in the blank. 

What’s been interesting about this emerging microtrend in the last year is that it’s not entirely new. It seems like bucket lists or stories where the main character works through a series of items on a list pops up periodically. There are a lot of variations on the list, too: sometimes it’s a straight bucket list that’s propelling the story forward and sometimes, it’s a list the main character keeps in order to keep his or her life in order (Amy Spalding’s The Reece Malcolm List is an excellent example of this). Sometimes, the lists work for the story, and other times, it feels like the list is the only glue keeping the characters and story together. 

As someone who is a list keeper, I find the concept interesting from the start, and I think it’s something that teens who — like me — are compulsive list keepers find this element to be compelling. 

Here’s a roundup of recent YA bucket list titles, along with descriptions from WorldCat. I’ve limited to books published in 2013 and 2014. I would love to know of other titles where there are bucket lists or lists kept out in the last year, so feel free to chime in in the comments. I’d also love to know what you think of the bucket list/list usage in books. What are some of the best ones? Which ones haven’t worked so well? 

Side Effects May Vary by Julie Murphy: Alice is ready to go out in a blaze of glory, but then she discovers she’s in remission from cancer and she must deal with all of the mistakes she’s made and the people she’s hurt. 

The F-it List by Julie Halpern: When Becca does something nearly unforgivable at Alex’s dad’s funeral, Alex cuts ties with her and focuses on her grieving family. Time passes, and Alex learns Becca has cancer. It also turns out Becca has a bucket list, one she doesn’t know she’ll be able to finish now. That’s where Alex comes in, along with a mysterious and guarded boy who just may help Alex check a few items off her own bucket list.

Since You’ve Been Gone by Morgan Matson: Quiet Emily’s sociable and daring best friend, Sloane, has disappeared leaving nothing but a random list of bizarre tasks for her to complete, but with unexpected help from popular classmate Frank Porter, Emily gives them a try.

There Will Come A Time by Carrie Arcos: Overwhelmed by grief and guilt after his twin sister Grace’s accidental death, seventeen-year-old Mark Santos is persuaded by her best friend to complete the “bucket list” from Grace’s journal.

Goodbye, Rebel Blue by Shelley Coriell: Rebecca “Rebel” Blue, a loner rebel and budding artist, reluctantly completes the bucket list of Kennedy Green, an over-committed do-gooder classmate who dies in a car accident following a stint in detention where both girls were forced to consider their morality and write bucket lists.

Nantucket Red by Leila Howland: Before starting college, Cricket Thompson returns to Nantucket for a summer filled with hard choices and infinite possibility. (This description tells you nothing about the list, which is a Life List that Cricket finds). 

On Girls, Girl Reading, and Girls in YA Fiction Beyond STACKED

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I’ve been talking a lot about girls and girls reading, as well as girls in YA fiction, over the last year. And while talking on the blog is important, I also think it’s important to take these conversations to other venues in order to keep the discussion fresh, vibrant, and engage new voices and ideas. 

So with that, I’m really excited to share two pieces of news. 
First, I will have an article in August’s issue of VOYA all about girls and girls reading. In it, I talk about why having this discussion is important and how as youth advocates, we can be better leaders and facilitators of girls reading. It includes a look at ten titles out in the last year that feature really interesting female main characters. I love all of the books I got to talk about and think they offer some really great ways into the conversation about girls, about female characters, and about girls and girls reading. 
My second piece of news is one I am also extremely excited about. 
The call for conference proposals for the Wisconsin Library Association meeting went out a few months ago, and I knew it was time to propose something for my own state’s meeting. The event’s only about a 2 hour drive, and I have never presented in my own state (a scheduling snafu last year meant the plans to do one before didn’t work out).
But this year, I’m presenting, and I am thrilled to be co-presenting with author Carrie Mesrobian.
We’ll be presenting on Wednesday, November 5 in the late afternoon and the title of our presentation is “Good Girls, Bad Girls, Real Girls: Teen Girls in YA Lit & In Your Library.” 
If you’re around the Dells area or you’re going to WLA this year, I hope you come and hear us talk.

Book Riot & YA Highway YA Web Award Nominations

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We’re on a short break until Monday, but a couple of updates we wanted to share in the meantime: 

I’ve written two posts over at Book Riot in the last week. The first is a roundup of 30 YA books coming out — or just recently released — that feature diversity in some capacity. The second post is about how brick and mortar bookstores are a privilege.

If you’re not a regular reader of YA Highway (you should be!) you may have missed that they’re running a web awards. The first round solicited nominees, and we’ve been honored in a number of categories. We’re honored to be considered, especially with all of the other excellent blogs/tumblrs/twitters of amazing members of the YA community on the web.

You can go over there and vote in any or all of the categories, and you can write in other candidates if your favorites haven’t been mentioned.

It Happens: A Guide to Contemporary Realistic Fiction for the YA Reader

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We’re going to take the next week off blogging, since there’s the double punch of Memorial Day and BEA. I’ll likely link to a couple of Book Riot pieces that I’ve written, but otherwise, no new content will pop up. We’ll be back to our regular plans for posting on Monday, June 2.

In the mean time, I thought it might be worth talking about something near and dear to my heart: my book!

This week, I was traveling to see a friend and when I was on the bus, I caught a tweet from VOYA with the title of my book in it. I clicked and discovered my book had a cover.
And I LOVE it. 
I’ve had a few details about it for a while, but I wanted to save sharing them until I had a cover to show off. So without further ado!
As you may have noticed, the title of my book changed from what it was originally. My publisher, when he went to input the book, noted that there were a lot of books with the title “The Real Deal,” and suggested a change. I was clueless about what might work, so I put it up in the Book Riot forum. I loved what Liberty suggested, so all of the thanks goes to her for It Happens. I think it’s perfect. 
While I don’t have an official description from my publisher yet, I happened upon this one from an online retailer which gets to the flavor of the book:
Kelly Jensen has a passion for realistic fiction and believes every book has a reader. It Happens: A Guide to Contemporary Realistic Fiction for the YA Reader is a comprehensive guide to matching a teen reader with the right book. As a lifetime reader and young adult librarian, Jensen has read contemporary realistic fiction extensively. Her experience blogging about books and serving on a selection committee taught her how to discuss and consider books critically and how to make connections with other titles. It Happens does all of that and more. Part I gives the reader advisor real tools to understand young adult literature, genres, how to find books, and awards. Part II explores titles in ten different subgenres of realistic fiction, complete with a plot description, a list of appeal factors, and suggested read alikes for each title. Part III has real conversation starters on tough real topics with titles that will challenge readers. Jensen closes with the proposal that we all advocate for teens and their books.
There are three parts to the book. Part one tackles the big stuff and digs deep into defining contemporary/realistic fiction, where and how to find those books that aren’t the biggest and most well-known, and how to be a great reader’s advisor. Part two includes 10 separate book lists, each with 15 titles fleshed out with summaries, read alikes, and appeal factors. Each of those 10 lists have additional titles, too, in a concluding book list. Part three is about guiding readers through a series of discussion topics, including sex and sexual assault, bullying, and more. I pulled together a handful of key titles on those topics and offered ways to talking about those texts with those big ideas in mind. I finished the book up with how to be the best advocate for contemporary realistic fiction, as well as for readers who want these books.
While the book is geared toward librarians and teachers, I wrote it with readers in mind. That means that it’s not jargon-heavy. If you read Stacked and take something away from it, it’s in the same tone and from the same point of reference. I think non-librarians/educators will especially find the book lists to be useful, particularly when it comes to answering “I liked x-book by y-author, what do I read next?” It’s in the same vein as the “Beyond the Bestsellers” series I do at Book Riot. 
And for the other dirty details: I can’t find a way of preordering the title yet, but as soon as I do, I’ll pass that along. The ISBN for the book is 978-1-61751-031-1, and it will be $50 for the 278 page book. For those who aren’t familiar with the library/educational publishing landscape, that’s on the low end for price. If you’re a subscriber to either VOYA or Teacher Librarian, you do get a 20% discount off list price. It will be available for purchase through all major online retailers, through VOYA’s website, as well as through all major book distributors (Ingram, Baker and Taylor, etc). 
The “official” publication date is early August, but it will be available at ALA Annual, if you happen to be going (…and if you happen to be going and want to send me a picture, you would be my Favorite). It will likely be available to purchase before the pub date, which is more of a placeholder than it is a hard and fast date. 
I don’t believe I’ve talked about one of my favorite parts of the book yet, which is something that I thought about immediately when writing the proposal for it back in 2012 (!). To kick off each chapter of the book — and there are 22 — I asked some of my favorite librarians, teachers, and contemporary/realistic authors to weigh in on why they care about, talk about, and write contemporary YA. Their answers are amazing, and they added such fantastic context to what I hoped to convey. There’s one in particular that every single time I read it, I welled up a bit because it was so perfect and captured the spirit of why I love and care so much about realistic fiction.  

A few weeks ago, I did a podcast with Steve Thomas for Circulating Ideas about the book and we talked at length about diversity, about book talking, and about the value of reaching readers with the right books. It’s not live yet, but when it is, I’ll share it — it was a fantastic conversation.

Beyond that, I’ll post when I have preorder information, as well as when I have Real Actual Copies in my possession. You can expect a few giveaways down the road, as well.

This is a book I am exceptionally proud of and hope is of value to those who work with readers or who are enthusiastic to learn more about contemporary/realistic fiction.

It’s surreal to see a cover of a book with my name on it, let alone a cover that is also easy on the eyes. I can’t wait to share this.